The salute test is also known as the Yergason's test¹ or the transverse humeral ligament test². It is a special test for the shoulder joint that evaluates the stability of the long head of the biceps tendon and the integrity of the transverse humeral ligament³.
The procedure of the salute test is as follows⁴:
- The patient stands or sits with the elbow flexed to 90 degrees and the forearm pronated.
- The examiner stands behind the patient and places one hand on the patient's elbow and the other hand on the patient's wrist.
- The examiner resists the patient's active supination and external rotation of the forearm, while palpating the bicipital groove with the thumb of the hand on the elbow.
- The test is positive if the patient reports pain or a snapping sensation in the bicipital groove, indicating a subluxation or dislocation of the biceps tendon or a tear of the transverse humeral ligament.
The salute test can help rule out biceps tendon pathology, such as tendinitis, tenosynovitis, or rupture, as well as rotator cuff pathology, such as impingement, partial tear, or full-thickness tear³⁵. However, the test is not very specific and may produce false-positive results in patients with other shoulder conditions, such as glenohumeral instability, labral tear, or acromioclavicular joint arthritis³⁶. Therefore, it is recommended to use the test in combination with other clinical tests or imaging studies to confirm the diagnosis of biceps tendon or rotator cuff pathology³⁷.
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