The shoulder flexion jam test is also known as the Neer's test¹¹. It is a special test for shoulder impingement syndrome, which is a condition that results from compression of the rotator cuff tendons or the subacromial bursa under the acromion process of the scapula¹.
The procedure of the shoulder flexion jam test is as follows²⁴:
- The examiner stands behind the patient and stabilizes the scapula with one hand.
- The examiner passively flexes the patient's shoulder and elbow to 90 degrees, then pronates the forearm and internally rotates the shoulder with some force.
- The test is positive if the patient reports pain, especially near the end range of motion.
The shoulder flexion jam test can help rule out cervical neck pathology as a source of shoulder pain, as well as other shoulder conditions such as rotator cuff tear, biceps tendinitis, or glenoid labrum injury⁷⁹. However, the test is not very specific and may produce false-positive results in patients with osteoarthritis, adhesive capsulitis, or acromioclavicular joint pathology¹⁸. Therefore, it is recommended to use the test in combination with other clinical tests or imaging studies to confirm the diagnosis of shoulder impingement syndrome¹⁶.
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